Saudi Arabia, a global leader in fossil fuel production, faces the dual challenge of sustaining economic growth while reducing carbon emissions. This study evaluates emerging CO₂ utilization pathways to support Vision 2030 sustainability goals and the Circular Carbon Economy (CCE) framework. Using a multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) approach, supported by an intensive literature review, the research ranks emerging CO₂ utilization technologies based on technical maturity, scalability, economic feasibility, carbon sequestration potential, and policy alignment to identify high-impact solutions for emissions reduction and carbon dioxide removal (CDR).
