Abstract

The transportation and distribution of large volumes of oil, gas, and refined products over long distances are enabled primarily by marine shipping. Transborder pipelines serve as an additional method for transporting oil and gas. However, these pipelines are typically more expensive than marine shipping and frequently become subjects of geopolitical tension.

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Alyahya, Fahad
Oil & Gas
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Al Suwailem, Majed A.
Oil & Gas
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Galkin, Philipp
Oil & Gas
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